Monday, October 26, 2009

The Great Debate

Two weeks ago we were asked to read a pair of articles prior to class that we would be discussing during our class period the following Wednesday. In short the two articles were about the "Big Seed" companies and how they are strictly limiting the ability for private research to be conducted on their new seed varieties. After reading the articles and witnessing the rather heated debate that occurred in class, i have no posted my thoughts on the matter below.







"Big Seed" companies have spent tremendous amounts of money to develop the current hybrids or varieties that we have today, and for that i am very thankful. However, i feel that by not letting private individuals and researchers conduct experiments, they are hiding something from the general public. Possibly long term soil affects? Long term personal health concerns? I really don't know, but without adequate testing of recent plant technologies the only real way to know is to continue on this path until something very negative happens many years down the road and think- now why didn't we force them to test their products? We will all be disgusted and criticize "those people" who absolutely forced new plant genetics upon us. How dare they! Or possibly they are completely harmless and we should do more to boost yields and continue to feed to world. But with such a large investment the companies should have some right to protect their products. A tiny bit of faulty information or a flawed experiment could cost a company untold amounts of income if it reflected badly on their products. Would the government bail them out if that information lead to their bankruptcy?




On the other hand, as an American consumer i cant see how they can be allowed to control all of the data about their products. For me it is funny that most times the company who owns the test plot, has the highest yields in that particular plot. So test plots and trials run by universities or private parties show unbiased comparisons that the average consumer (or producer in this case) can use to make decisions about what to plant. Another down side to producers is that seed costs seemingly have no ceiling. I understand that for new technologies there will be additional costs but where is the end. And with the proposed reduction in refuge acres, if resistant populations appear, "Big Seed" will again profit when they are able to release their "new resistance".




Honestly this makes for a good debate question, and their are logical points made on both sides. But for me the biggest question is where does it end? Do farmers quit buying seed that is loaded with traits? Or do producers and the public get answers from "Big Seed" firms? For now i cant see either side making a move, so time will tell.


























Tuesday, October 13, 2009

Percent defoliation results

As i said in last weeks blog, this week i would be reviewing the results from a percent defoliation exercise we did two weeks ago. We were asked to look at 60 leaves and estimate the percent defoliation of each leaf. Afterward the actual percent defoliation for each was calculated and then our "guesses" were compared to that. So how did i/we do? Well i have posted the results from lab below-








Denton won the prize for being closest to the actual amount of defoliation that had occurred. This can be determined by looking at the Regression equation. If someone was to guess all the percent defoliation correct there equation would be equal to 1, or there would be no deviation away from the one to one line (what was actual vs. what was guessed). For all samplers involved it appears we fell into the range of R squared values from .67 to .84(Denton) which sounds fairly good to me. Overall if i read into the statistics well enough the class tended to overestimate the amount of defoliation present on the leaves, which is what i did (y=1.5264x). And overestimating seems to be the trend of the class but we did have a few participants that underestimated the percent defoliation.

Tuesday, October 6, 2009

Soybean Insects and Percent Defoliation







For lab this week we were asked to examine individual soybean plants and look for insects present as well as insect damage that had occurred during the growing season. I had two soybean plants, one that was physiologically mature and ready to harvest and another that was at R6 with full seed pod (shown above). With the beans being at different growth stages, i was able to look at damaged plants on both green plant tissue and dead tissue. A couple pictures of what i found are posted below.








Stink Bug damage where feeding had occurred in the uppermost bean in this pod.






Although this picture doesn't show it to well, there is a stink bug nymph just in front of my index finger.



From what i saw in lab, if i had two fields with these two different maturities i would be sampling the R6 field. From the picture i posted above you can see the damage that the stink bug had done to the bean in the pod, but it is to late to solve that problem in a mature bean plant. If you are sampling in the younger of the two beans you may be able to save some yield at that point. To go along with that i found a nymph on my younger plant so there must have been adults present in the field. Both my old and young soybeans plants showed some damage from Bean Leaf Beetle, possible grasshopper and Stink bugs. If i had 30 plant samples that showed all the same type of damage from the 3 insects listed above, i believe there would be enough pressure to treat the R6 field with an insecticide. My concern with that statement is the maturity of the field, if my plant was slightly behind on a field basis then it may be to late to see any benefit from treating, so it is somewhat hard to call with just two plants.

Once we had completed our evaluation of the bean plants we were asked to do some quick estimates of percent defoliation on 60 soybean leaves that were spread across the lab tables. I will comment more on this next week as we have not received any results yet, just did the guessing part.